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A Level Religious Studies: Jean Piaget Revision Notes with Strengths and Weaknesses

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JEAN PIAGET Argued that children develop their intellect through interacting with the world. This happens in stages where the child gets an understanding of the world they live in. The Schemata Child develops internal representations of mental and physical actions. Some schemata are already present in a newborn (sucking, gripping or crying) whilst some are developed as the child grows. The schemata are built through 2 processes: 1. Assimilation – fitting newly acquired knowledge into what the child already knows. 2. Accommodation – as new experiences occur which do not fit into existing schemata, the child adapts them to fit, or creates new ones. Assimilation > Equilibrium > New Situation > Disequilibrium > Accommodation > Assimilation (restart) This process happens when the child encounters something unfamiliar. The child applies an existing schema, but is not successful. They modify the schema to suit, and the cycle starts again. Piaget explains that children mov...
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A Level Religious Studies - Mystical Religious Experiences Explained in Scientific Terms Essay

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"Mystical experiences are best explained in scientific terms". Discuss   A mystical experience is an alleged experience of oneness with God, as claimed by mystics. Experiences like this can be used as evidence to prove that God exists, however, there are cases where these events are beyond imagination and contradictory which can push people towards finding an explanation through science. Whilst it could be argued that religious experiences can be explained in ways which are not scientific, this essay will argue that science is best at explaining the occurrence and content of these experiences. Mystical experiences cannot be described in words so it cannot be explained in scientific terms. It can instead be explained in religious terms as William James has four characteristics of mystical experiences which are from his book ‘The Varieties of Religious Experience’. This book concentrates on the first-hand accounts of religious experience, of which James th...
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A Level Religious Studies - Idiot's Guide to Pacifism

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PACIFISM What is it?   Pacifism is the belief that any violence, including war, is unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means. A conscientious objector is  “A person who for reasons of conscience objects to serving in the armed force.” Christian Teachings “Do not kill.” “Love your enemies.” “Put away your sword. All who take the sword die by the sword.” “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.” “Love your neighbour as yourself.” “God gives life and only God should take life away.” Agape – Christian love. “If anyone hits you on the right cheek then offer him the left also.” Stewardship – War can destroy the planet. Sanctity of life – All life is sacred, precious and special. The Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists.   Around the world, he is recognised as a ...
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A Level Business Studies - Responding to a fall in industry capacity utilisation

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Many car manufacturers are expected to respond to a fall in overall capacity utilisation in the industry by cutting prices. To what extent is cutting prices a good way for any business to respond to a fall in the overall capacity utilisation in its industry? Capacity utilisation is the percentage of total capacity that is actually achieved in a period of time. The extent to which cutting prices is a good way for a business to respond to a fall in capacity will depend on the price elasticity. This essay will look at whether it is good for all businesses or not. Cutting prices would lead to the product becoming more accessible. Reducing overall capacity utilisation means that the business will have higher costs as demand is lower; goods being sold will not have their revenue spread across the fixed costs. A Daihatsu car may work to combat this because a car is a luxury product and is price elastic, meaning that demand will change as the price does. A fall in selling price will mean...
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A Level Business Studies - Business Objectives and Missions

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Why do businesses exist? •     To provide goods and services for customers •     Customers can be from the UK or abroad – individuals, other businesses or government departments. •     A business that meets the needs of the customer is more likely survive long term. •     Most business are started by a single individual or small group. •     People who have an idea and want to develop it with a business are called entrepreneurs. •     Entrepreneurs often take risks and reap the profits or losses that come with this. •     Motivation for setting up a business varies •     Some do it because they have a talent or skill they wish to use to provide goods/services •     Some try to fill a gap in the market •     All businesses are likely to  have a purpose or a mission and objectives or goals they wish to achie...
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A Level Religious Studies - Idiot's Guide to Naturalism

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Idiot’s Guide to Naturalism Naturalism is the view that 1.      Ethical terms can be defined or explained using the same ‘natural’ terms we use in maths and science 2.      Morals can be based on the same kind of observation of the world as used in science 3.      All ethical statements can be translated into non-ethical ones Naturalists are absolutists . Morals are not about opinions and points of view and are objectively true . For example: ‘euthanasia is evil’ – they are expressing a moral truth, not an opinion. A person uses their senses and logic to conclude ethical truths. Moral truths are facts like numbers. You can conclude something is wrong from observation and analysis . Moral facts aren’t views or opinions, nor are they based on spiritual or intuitive sense. When you observe something is wrong, it’s a moral fact of the universe. Theological naturalists, like Thomas Aquinas,...
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