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A Level Religious Studies: WTF is the Verification Principle? Revision Notes

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WTF is the Verification Principle? The Verification Principle was intended as a tool to allow us to distinguish between the meaningful statements of science and the meaningless claims of pseudo-science and mysticism, and in that sense it has at times been valuable: as Ayer argued, sometimes people assume that because a word exists, there must be a corresponding real thing to which it refers. But the principle was quickly discredited as an adequate criterion of meaning, and much recent philosophy has examined less narrow ways in which language is used. But it is difficult to abandon completely the notion that for a statement to be meaningful, it must in some sense be shown to correspond to reality. Flew argues that for a statement to be meaningful it must at least be open to falsification– there must be some way of showing it to be false. A statement that fits any imaginable state of affairs doesn’t appear to say anything at all, and is therefore meaningless. Religious statements te...
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A Level Religious Studies: Mahayana Buddism Revision Notes

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Mahayana Buddhism So Far The Council Why? – Maha Kashyapa concern for the future of the dharma after the Buddha died.   1 st Council – Maha Kashyapa and many senior monks held a council of 500 arahats to collect the teachings of the Buddha. After asking upali (chief disciple of the Buddha) the vinaya was agreed (monastic discipline). They also questioned Ananda (attendant of the Buddha) on sermons taught by the Buddha – the sutta was established (teachings). Why ? To settle an agreement between a group of monks and the elders of the order. 2 nd Council – Over monastic practise – some monks had a lax interpretation of vinaya. They wanted greater freedom in the application of rules of the vinaya. The practises of dissenting monks were unacceptable but they refused to accept the decision of the council known as Mahasanghilias – they were sympathetic to ordinary monks. This led to Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. The only goal worthy of attainment was Buddhahood. Why ? To remove the ...
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A Level Religious Studies - Intuitionism by G. E. Moore revision notes

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G. E. Moore Intuitionism argues that morality is objective and cognitive. Intuitionists argue that we just know what goodness is. G. E. Moore simply states that the word 'good' cannot be defined. He likened it to the colour yellow - we know what yellow is, but we can't define it. He said quite simply: "Good is good, and that is the end of the matter." Moore said that we work out right and wrong by looking at the impact consequences have upon an action. If the consequence is right (Moore argues you'll simply know if it is right), then it becomes good. Good comes from consequence, not reason. This presents Moore's version of intuitionism as teleological. Moore criticised other ethical theorists of creating a naturalistic fallacy when they try and define good. By naturalistic fallacy, Moore means that we shouldn't define 'good' by certain properties that we like or desire. If something makes us feel happy, Moore said that we can't therefore de...
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A Level Business Studies - Responding to a fall in industry capacity utilisation

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Many car manufacturers are expected to respond to a fall in overall capacity utilisation in the industry by cutting prices. To what extent is cutting prices a good way for any business to respond to a fall in the overall capacity utilisation in its industry? Capacity utilisation is the percentage of total capacity that is actually achieved in a period of time. The extent to which cutting prices is a good way for a business to respond to a fall in capacity will depend on the price elasticity. This essay will look at whether it is good for all businesses or not. Cutting prices would lead to the product becoming more accessible. Reducing overall capacity utilisation means that the business will have higher costs as demand is lower; goods being sold will not have their revenue spread across the fixed costs. A Daihatsu car may work to combat this because a car is a luxury product and is price elastic, meaning that demand will change as the price does. A fall in selling price will mean...
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A Level Geography - TNCs and Globalisation Essay

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Assess the role played by TNCs in the globalisation process (12 marks) Transnational companies (TNCs) are companies that have parts of their business in different parts of the world. This can be due to a country having cheap, flat land and also because wages can be low for those who are employed by the business. Having workplaces abroad has both positive and negative effects which we be explored, and will be weighed up to make a judgement on the overall role TNCs play in the globalisation process. When a TNC invests in a less economically developed country or a developing country, it does so because it is able to benefit from cheap workers. Often, places do not have a minimum wage like the United Kingdom does, meaning that they can be worked hard by the company to ensure heightened efficiency. However, because costs are low initially, it means that profit will increase which means that the company can reinvest and expand their branch. This can have negative effects on th...
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A Level Business Studies - Leadership Style

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Introduction  This post will be looking at and exploring the management techniques of James Dyson (founder of Dyson) and Jeff Bezos (Amazon). James Dyson is a British inventor who founded the Dyson company. He invented the Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, and is worth £5 billion. Dyson has machines in over 65 countries, and has over 1,000 engineers worldwide. They strive for more ideas and more invention every day. Jeff Bezos is the founder, chairman and CEO of Amazon.com. He is an American technology entrepreneur and investor who is worth 66.7 billion US dollars, making him the 3 rd richest person in the world on the Forbes list of billionaires. His company, Amazon, is the world’s largest online retailer and provides customers with products and services. Founded in 1994, Amazon was initially set up in Bezos’ garage, but ballooned in size due to the rapid growth of the internet. Leadership style James Dyson’s leadership style appears to be relaxed due to the inn...
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